Date : 06/07/2023

Relevance: GS Paper 2 - International Relations

Keywords: Shanghai Five, Anti-NATO, Quad, Chabhar Port

Context -

• Iran's recent induction as the ninth member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) has raised concerns about the organization's image of being 'anti-West.'
• The SCO, which originated from the 'Shanghai Five' group, aims to promote regional security, reduce border tensions, and combat terrorism.

Background of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO):

The SCO was initially formed in 1996 as the 'Shanghai Five' with Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In 2001, Uzbekistan joined, and the organization was renamed the SCO. It consists of two permanent bodies, the SCO Secretariat in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure in Tashkent.

Objectives of the SCO:

The SCO's main goals include strengthening mutual trust among member states, promoting cooperation in politics, trade, economy, research, technology, and culture, maintaining peace and security in the region, and advocating for a new international political and economic order. The SCO's ambition to establish a new international order has raised concerns in the West, leading to the organization being labeled as 'anti-NATO.'

Bilateral Issues and SCO's Role:

India and Pakistan joined the SCO as observers in 2005 and became full members in 2017. Despite their strained bilateral relations, both countries actively participate in SCO meetings, including military and anti-terrorism exercises. The SCO has also facilitated discussions between India and China on border issues. This engagement has provided a platform for dialogue and cooperation between India and Pakistan, despite their differences.

Significance of Iran's Membership:

Iran's entry into the SCO holds strategic significance. The SCO's recent focus has shifted towards regional connectivity, aligning with India's connectivity plans through Iran's Chabahar port and the International North-South Transport Corridor. Iran's presence in the SCO ensures support for India's efforts to bypass Pakistan and strengthens trade links with Central Asian states. Additionally, Iran's induction enables India to engage with the region without getting entangled in China's Belt and Road Initiative. Furthermore, Iran's historical ties with India and its shared concerns about terrorism from Pakistan and Afghanistan will enhance India's call for action against terror safe havens.

Challenges and Implications:

However, Iran's membership may deepen the perception of the SCO as an 'anti-West' forum. Both Iran and Russia face severe sanctions, and the expected inclusion of Belarus next year will further strengthen this image. The United States has accused Iran of supplying weapons to Russia, adding to the concerns. India's growing ties with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) also complicate its balancing act in maintaining relations with the SCO.

Conclusion:

Iran's inclusion in the SCO brings both opportunities and challenges. While it supports India's connectivity plans and strengthens cooperation against terrorism, it also exacerbates the perception of the SCO as an 'anti-West' organization. Balancing India's engagements with the SCO and the Quad becomes crucial, considering the differing dynamics and interests.

Source ; The Hindu